As I was thinking about language learning the other day, the image of baking bread came into my mind. I compared some of the exercises and drills that we put ourselves through in order to learn a language to the various ingredients (原料) that go into baking a loaf of fresh bread.
Real language learning takes place in human relationships. No one sits down and eats a cup of flour, even if he is hungry and in a hurry. You don' t become bilingual (雙語的) by learning lists of vocabulary. You don' t become a speaker of a language by memorizing grammatical rules. You become bilingual by entering a community that uses that other language as its basic means of communication.
I am not suggesting that we can make bread without ingredients. Flour is necessary, as are yeast (酵母), salt, water and other ingredients. Vocabulary is part of any language and will have to be learned. Grammatical rules exist in every language and cannot be ignored. But merely combining the appropriate ingredients in the recommended proportions does not result in bread. At best, you only end up with a ball of dough (面團(tuán)).
In order to get bread, you have to apply heat to the dough. And in language learning, that heat comes from the community. Anyone who has learned a second language has experienced that heat. It creeps up your neck when you ask the babysitter, “Have you already been eaten?” when you meant to say, ‘‘Have you already eaten?” When you try to say something quite innocent and the whole room bursts into laughter, you are experiencing the heat that turns raw dough into good bread.
Remember the old saying, “If you can’ t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen". This is where language learning often breaks down because we find the heat uncomfortable and we stop the baking process. In other words, we can' t stand the heat, so we get out of the kitchen.
However, the language learner who stays in the kitchen—in the heat—until the combined
ingredients are thoroughly transformed will enjoy the richness of a quality loaf of bread. He is glad that he did not "get out of the kitchen” at the important moment when the oven seemed too hot.
Now the baker enjoys good bread, seated at the table with family members and guests. However, he does not focus on "bread" but rather on enjoying the whole feast: fine salads, pastas, fresh vegetables, rich desserts and so on. And the language learner has arrived when he no longer needs to focus on language. Language merely becomes one element in the "feast" of membership in his chosen community.
科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
完形填空(共20小題;每小題1分,滿分20分)
閱讀下面短文,從短文后所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
I always felt sorry for people in wheelchairs.Some people,old and weak,cannot 36 by themselves.Others seem perfectly healthy, 37 in business suits,and wheel themselves around with strong determination.But whenever I saw someone in a wheelchair,I only saw a 38 ,not a person.
Then I fainted(暈倒)at Euro Disney 39 low blood pressure.This was the first time I had ever fainted,and my parents said that I must 40 for a while after First Aid.I agreed to take it easy,but 41 I stepped toward the door,I saw my dad pushing a (n) 42 in my direction!Feeling the colour burn my cheeks,I asked him to wheel that thing right back to 43 he found it.
I could not believe this was happening to me.Wheelchairs were 44 for other people but not for me.As my father wheeled me out into the main street,people 45 began to treat me differently.
Little kids ran in front of me, 46 my father to stop the wheelchair suddenly. 47 set in as I was thrown back and forth.“Stupid kids—they have perfectly good 48 .Why can’t they watch where they’re going?”I thought.People 49 down at me,pity in their eyes.Then they would look away,maybe because they thought the 50 they forgot me,the better.
“I am just like you!”I wanted to scream.“The only 51 is that you’ve got legs,and I have wheels.”
People in wheelchairs are not 52 .They can see every look and hear each word.Looking out at the faces,I finally understood: I was once just like them.I 53 people in wheelchairs exactly the way they did not 54 to be treated.I realized it is some of us with two healthy legs who are 55 disabled.
A.look around B.care about C.make out D.get around
A.dressed B.covered C.folded D.lost
A.beast B.disability C.passer-by D.failure
A.by way of B.as to C.due to D.in terms of
A.sleep B.break C.leave D.rest
A.before B.until C.because D.as
A.wheelchair B.carriage C.armchair D.bed
A.whom B.that C.where D.which
A.fine B.sad C.light D.cheap
A.gradually B.immediately C.finally D.rapidly
A.catching B.making C.preventing D.forcing
A.Bitterness B.lnterest C.Regret D.Amusement
A.space B.manners C.legs D.control
A.smiled B.stared C.handed D.pushed
A.happier B.faster C.sooner D.harder
A.advantage B.difference C.choice D.difficulty
A.healthy B.common C.stupid D.violent
A.treated B.ignored C.greeted D.injured
A.mean B.need C.enjoy D.want
A.generally B.truly C.mostly D.eventually
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科目:高中英語 來源:2013-2014學(xué)年湖北省高三上學(xué)期12月月考英語試卷(解析版) 題型:完型填空
Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important : giving-away makes life so much more exciting. You needn’t worry if you money.
This is how I with giving-away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store in my mind, I step in and make the to the storekeeper. If an accident takes place, the of which I think the local police could use, I him up and tell him about it, though I am not in here. I found a rule about this world is to give getting something back, though the often comes in an unexpected form.
One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special letter to my home, though it was to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of . More than a year later I needed a post-office box for a new business I was . I was told at the window that there were boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long list. As I was about to be , the postmaster appeared in the . “Wasn’t it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering an __ delivery to your home?” I said it was. “Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office we make one specifically for you. You don’t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get but complaints.”
1.A. difference B. research C. speech D. discovery
2.A. earn B. lack C. spend D. steal
3.A. experienced B. connected C. cooperated D. experimented
4.A. strikes B. flashes C. happens D. attempts
5.A. appeal B. request C. suggestion D. demand
6.A. story B. damage C. challenge D. material
7.A. call B. hold C. cheer D. pick
8.A. possession B. trouble C. place D. charge
9.A. plus B. without C. for D. before
10.A. process B. goal C. return D. concern
11.A. replied B. addressed C. driven D. brought
12.A. invitation B. apology C. complaint D. appreciation
13.A. discussing B. providing C. applying D. starting
14.A. enough B. extra C. no D. other
15.A. admitting B. relating C. buying D. waiting
16.A. positive B. shocked C. discouraged D. optimistic
17.A. doorway B. window C. home D. yard
18.A. unfamiliar B. unexpected C. unknown D. uncertain
19.A. in case B. now that C. even if D. rather
20.A. nothing B. something C. anything D. Everything
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科目:高中英語 來源:2014屆河北石家莊無極中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第一次月考英語卷(解析版) 題型:完型填空
I’ve often puzzled over something that happened to me one winter when I was eight. Over the years I had been wondering if my 31 was nothing more than a kid’s imagination.
There was a 32 near our house. In winter it was the greatest 33 place in the world. One 34 all I wanted to do was go skating. I had been waiting for weeks 35 the water was frozen solid. Mom had one rule: “Never ice-skate alone.” But I couldn’t 36 any longer that afternoon. So I 37 my skates under my coat and ran to the pond. Several people were skating near the shore, and some kids were playing hockey. I was not really 38 .
The hockey game had attracted 39 audience, so I skated in the other direction until their cheering 40 . But another noise came soon. The ice was cracking beneath me. Freezing water 41 my body, and I sank like a rock. My feet 42 the bottom. Just when I thought I wouldn’t last another 43 , I felt a tap on my shoulder. “Don’t worry,” someone said. I swung my 44 around. I couldn’t see anybody. But I heard the voice again,“Push your feet into the bottom and you’ll shoot straight up to the surface.” I did as I was told and 45 . I crawled to the shore and lay down, 46 . The next thing I knew was people were 47 around me, covering me with coats.
When I awoke, I was home in my own bed. Mom sat next to me, 48 my hand. “I saw nobody there. It must be an angel that came to my 49 .” I said. Mom smiled, “I just thank God you’re safe.”
For a long time I thought I would 50 a more realistic explanation if I just thought hard, but I never did.
1.A. attention B. behavior C. explanation D. reason
2.A. river B. pond C. lake D. dam
3.A. skating B. fishing C. swimming D. skiing
4.A. afternoon B. morning C. evening D. night
5.A. after B. until C. as D. if
6.A. go B. run C. sit D. wait
7.A. found B. threw C. took D. hid
8.A. lonely B. single C. alone D. afraid
9.A. noisy B. happy C. small D. young
10.A. changed B. disappeared C. increased D. stopped
11.A. filled B. controlled C. covered D. loaded
12.A. hit B. dragged C. set D. tapped
13.A. day B. hour C. minute D. second
14.A. head B. hand C. arm D. leg
15.A. left B. succeeded C. tried D. survived
16.A. worried B. surprised C. excited D. exhausted
17.A. lying B. standing C. laughing D. crawling
18.A. raising B. shaking C. holding D. washing
19.A. place B. mind C. defense D. rescue
20.A. take up B. make up with C. bring up D. come up with
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科目:高中英語 來源:2014屆陜西寶雞中學(xué)高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語卷(解析版) 題型:填空題
That cold January night, I was growing sick of my life in San Francisco. There I was, walking home at one in the morning after a tiring practice at the theater. With opening night only a week away, I was still learning my lines. I was having trouble dealing with my part-time job at the bank and my acting at night at the same time. As I walked, I thought seriously about giving up both acting and San Francisco. City life had become too much for me.
As I walked down empty streets under tall buildings, I felt very small and cold. I began running, both to keep warm and to keep away any possible robbers(搶劫犯). Very few people were still out except a few sad-looking homeless people under blankets.
About a block from my apartment, I heard a sound behind me. I turned quickly, half expecting to see someone with a knife or a gun. The street was empty. All I saw was a shining streetlight. Still, the noise had made me nervous, so I started to run faster. Not until I reached my apartment building and unlocked the door did I realize what the noise had been. It had been my wallet falling to the sidewalk.
Suddenly I wasn’t cold or tired anymore. I ran out of the door and back to where I’d heard the noise. Although I searched the sidewalk anxiously for fifteen minutes, my wallet was nowhere to be found.
Just as I was about to give up the search, I heard the garbage truck(垃圾車) pull up to the sidewalk next to me. When a voice called from the inside, “Alisa Camacho?” I thought I was dreaming. How could this man know my name? The door opened, and out jumped a small red-haired man with an amused look in his eyes. “Is this what you’re looking for?” he asked, holding up a small square shape.
It was nearly 3 a.m. by the time I got into bed. I wouldn’t get much sleep that night, but I had got my wallet back. I also had got back some enjoyment of city life. I realized that the city couldn’t be a bad place as long as people were willing to help each other.
1.How did the writer feel when she was walking home after work?
A.Cold and sick B.Lucky and hopeful
C.Satisfied and cheerful D.Disappointed and helpless
2.From the first paragraph, we learn that the writer was busy_____.
A .solving her problem at the bank B. taking part in various city activities
C learning acting in an evening school D. preparing for the first night show
3.On her way home the writer_____
A.lost her wallet unknowingly
B.was stopped by a garbage truck driver
C.was robbed of her wallet by a man with a knife
D.found some homeless people following her
4.From the text, we can infer that the writer_____
A.would stop working at night B.would stay on in San Francisco
C.would make friends with cleaners. D.would give up her job at the bank
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科目:高中英語 來源:福建省同步題 題型:填空題
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